What Is the Reading X From the Ammeter What Would Be the Reading Y

READING THE SCREEN

Are the electronic media exacerbating illiteracy and making our children stupid? On the contrary, says Colin McCabe, they have the potential to make u.s. truly literate.

The debate surrounding literacy is one of the most charged in education. On the i hand at that place is an army of people convinced that traditional skills of reading and writing are declining. On the other, a host of progressives protest that literacy is much more complicated than a uncomplicated technical mastery of reading and writing. This 2d position is supported by most of the relevant academic work over the past twenty years. These studies argue that literacy can only exist understood in its social and technical context. In Renaissance England, for example, many more people could read than could write, and within reading there was a distinction between those who could read print and those who could manage the more difficult task of reading manuscript. An understanding of these earlier periods helps us empathize today's 'crisis in literacy' debate.

There does seem to exist evidence that there has been an overall pass up in some aspects of reading and writing - you lot merely need to compare the tabloid newspapers of today with those of fifty years ago to meet a articulate decrease in vocabulary and simplification of syntax. Simply the picture is not uniform and doesn't readily demonstrate the simple stardom between literate and illiterate which had been considered adequate since the center of the 19th century.

While reading a sure amount of writing is as crucial as information technology has ever been in industrial societies, it is doubtful whether a fully extended grasp of either is as necessary as it was 30 or 40 years ago. While print retains much of its authority every bit a source of topical information, television has increasingly usurped this role. The power to write fluent messages has been undermined past the telephone and enquiry suggests that for many people the only employ for writing, exterior formal educational activity, is the compilation of shopping lists.

The conclusion of some car manufacturers to issue their instructions to mechanics as a video pack rather than as a handbook might be taken to spell the end of whatsoever automatic link between industrialisation and literacy. On the other paw, it is besides the case that ever-increasing numbers of people make their living out of writing, which is better rewarded than ever before. Schools are generally seen as institutions where the book rules - film, television and recorded audio take nearly no place; but it is not articulate that this opposition is advisable. While you may not need to read and write to scout tv set, yous certainly need to be able to read and write in order to make programmes. --> The start 2 sentences present the ii contrasting views. The rest of the paragraph expands on these.

Those who work in the new media are annihilation merely illiterate. The traditional oppositions betwixt former and new media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young kid now encounters. The computer has re-established a cardinal identify for the written word on the screen, which used to exist entirely devoted to the image. In that location is even anecdotal show that children are mastering reading and writing in social club to get on to the Net. There is no reason why the new and quondam media cannot be integrated in schools to provide the skills to become economically productive and politically enfranchised.

Still, there is a crisis in literacy and information technology would exist foolish to ignore it. To understand that literacy may be declining considering it is less central to some aspects of everyday life is non the same as acquiescing in this country of diplomacy. The production of school work with the new technologies could be a significant stimulus to literacy. How should these new technologies be introduced into the schools? It isn't enough to call for computers, camcorders and edit suites in every classroom; unless they are properly integrated into the educational culture, they will stand unused. Evidence suggests that this is the fate of most information technology used in the classroom. Similarly, although media studies are now role of the national curriculum, and more and more students are now clamouring to take these grade, teachers remain uncertain about both methods and aims in this area. -->The residue of the paragraph supports option B (the main problem that schools face today is how best to incorporate technology into classroom education) as does the post-obit paragraph.

This is not the mistake of the teachers. The entertainment and data industries must be drawn into a debate with the educational institutions to determine how best to blend these new technologies into the classroom.

Many people in our era are drawn to the pessimistic view that the new media are destroying old skills and eroding critical judgement. Information technology may be true that past generations were more than literate but - taking the pre-19th century meaning of the term - this was truthful of simply a pocket-size section of the population. The give-and-take literacy is a 19th-century coinage to depict the divorce of reading and writing from a full knowledge of literature. The education reforms of the 19th century produced reading and writing as skills separable from full participation in the cultural heritage.

The new media now point not but to a futuristic cyber-economy, they besides brand our cultural past available to the whole nation. Virtually children'southward access to these treasures is initially through television. It is doubtful whether our literary heritage has ever been available to or sought out by more than about 5 per cent of the population; it has certainly not been available to more than than ten per cent. Simply the new media joined to the old, through the public service tradition of British broadcasting, now makes our literary tradition available to all. --> A global view expressed in the terminal paragraph only particularly in beginning and last sentences

Questions one-iv

Cull the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes i-4 on your respond sheet.

one. When discussing the debate on literacy in education, the writer notes that

A children cannot read and write every bit well as they used to.

B academic work has improved over the last 20 years.

C in that location is evidence that literacy is related to external factors.

D at that place are opposing arguments that are every bit convincing.
Answer: 14 C 15 A 16 B 17 D

two. In the 4th paragraph, the writer'southward main point is that

A the printed give-and-take is both gaining and losing power.

B all inventions bring disadvantages as well equally benefits.

C those who work in transmission jobs no longer need to read.

D the media offers the best careers for those who like writing.
Answer: A

three. Co-ordinate to the author, the master problem that schools face today is

A how best to teach the skills of reading and writing.

B how all-time to incorporate applied science into classroom didactics.

C finding the means to buy technological equipment.

D managing the widely differing levels of literacy amongst pupils.
Respond: B

four. At the end of the commodity, the writer is suggesting that

A literature and culture cannot exist divorced.

B the term 'literacy' has non been very useful.

C 10 per cent of the population never read literature.

D our exposure to cultural information is likely to  increment .
Answer: D

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Tip

• The questions follow the order of information in the passage.
• Read the first question and the four options A-D. 1 of these completes the statement so that information technology expresses an idea that is likewise given in the passage.
•  Decide  whether the question focuses on a detail in the passage or a main idea.
• Note the key words in the question. These will assistance you locate the area of the passage where you lot will find the answer.
•  Read  this part of the passage very carefully. Y'all will find that some of the vocabulary in options A-D also occurs in the passage but only ane of the options will complete the judgement correctly.

Questions 5-10

Practise the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?

In boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet write

YES if the statement agrees with the writer

NO if the argument contradicts the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

5
Answer: YES It is not every bit easy to analyse literacy levels as information technology used to be.

6
Answer: NO Our literacy skills demand to be equally highly developed as they were in the by.

7
Answer: Not GIVEN Illiteracy is on the increase.

8
Answer: Yep Professional writers earn relatively more they used to.

9
Respond: Yep A good literacy level is of import for those who work in tv set.

10
Respond: NO Computers are having a negative bear on on literacy in schools

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Tip

Questions v-10 test your understanding of what the writer believes; i.due east. his/her views or opinions. There are 3 choices: Yes - the writer believes this; No - the author believes the opposite of this; Not Given - the author doesn't give any views on this.

• The questions follow the order of data in the passage.
• First with the first question and notation the primal words.
• Skim or scan the passage until you come to the function where the author is discussing his/her views on the topic or thought presented in the question. If you cannot find whatsoever information on this, the answer may be 'non given'. Check this advisedly.

• If you practise find some information, decide whether the author's views are the same or the opposite of those given in the question.

Questions 11-13

Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 2.

Write your answers in boxes 11-xiii on your answer sheet.

Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each reply.

In Renaissance England, the all-time readers were those able to read 11
Answer: manuscript

The author uses the example of 12
Answer: (tabloid) newspapers to illustrate the general fall in certain areas of literacy.

Information technology has been shown that afterwards leaving schoolhouse, the but things that a lot of people write are 13
Answer: shopping lists/

Tip

• The questions follow the order of information in the passage.
• Cheque the instructions: you tin can use a maximum of 3 words for each answer and these words must be taken from the reading passage. If you utilise more than three words or words that are not in the passage, the answer volition exist marked wrong.
• Read the sentences and underline the cardinal words.
• Read the words around each gap carefully. Run across if you can predict the reply or the kind of give-and-take(southward) that you lot are looking for.
• Scan or skim the passage until you come up to the role that is relevant.
• Re-read the sentence with the discussion you have called for the gap to check that it makes sense both grammatically and in terms of meaning.

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